ABSTRACT
Background: The use of embryo cryopreservation excludes the possible detrimental effects of ovarian stimulation on the endometrium, and higher reproductive outcomes following this policy have been reported. Moreover, gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist trigger in gonadotropin-releasing hormone [GnRH] antagonist cycles as a substitute for standard human chorionic gonadotropin trigger, minimizes the risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome [OHSS] in fresh as well as frozen embryo transfer cycles [FET]
Objective: To compare the reproductive outcomes and risk of OHSS in fresh vs frozen embryo transfer in high responder patients, undergoing in vitro fertilization triggered with a bolus of GnRH agonist
Materials and Methods: In this randomized, multi-centre study, 121 women undergoing FET and 119 women undergoing fresh ET were investigated as regards clinical pregnancy as the primary outcome and the chemical pregnancy, live birth, OHSS development, and perinatal data as secondary outcomes
Results: There were no significant differences between FET and fresh groups regarding chemical [46.4% vs. 40.2%, p=0.352], clinical [35.8% vs. 38.3%, p=0.699], and ongoing [30.3% vs. 32.7%, p=0.700] pregnancy rates, also live birth [30.3% vs. 29.9%, p=0.953], perinatal outcomes, and OHSS development [35.6% vs. 42.9%, p=0.337]. No woman developed severe OHSS and no one required admission to hospital
Conclusion: Our findings suggest that GnRHa trigger followed by fresh transfer with modified luteal phase support in terms of a small human chorionic gonadotropin bolus is a good strategy to secure good live birth rates and a low risk of clinically relevant OHSS development in in vitro fertilization patients at risk of OHSS
ABSTRACT
Since it is not possible to form an adequate micromechanical bond between resin cement and zirconia ceramics using common surface treatment techniques, laser pretreatment has been suggested for zirconia ceramic surfaces. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Carbon Dioxide [CO[2]] Laser treatment on shear bond strength [SBS] of resin cement to zirconia ceramic. In this in vitro study thirty discs of zirconia with a diameter of 6 mm and a thickness of 2 mm were randomly divided into two groups of 15. In the test group the zirconia disc surfaces were irradiated by CO[2] laser with an output power of 3 W and energy density of 265.39 j/cm[2]. Composite resin discs were fabricated by plastic molds, measuring 3 mm in diameter and 2 mm in thickness and were cemented on zirconia disk surfaces with Panavia F2.0 resin cement [Kuraray Co. Ltd, Osaka, Japan]. Shear bond strength was measured by a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. The fracture type was assessed under a stereomicroscope at ×40. Surface morphologies of two specimens of the test group were evaluated under SEM before and after laser pretreatment. Data was analyzed by paired t-test [p value < 0.05]. The mean SBS values of the laser and control groups were 12.12 +/- 3.02 and 5.97 +/- 1.14 Mpa, respectively. Surface treatment with CO[2] laser significantly increased SBS between resin cement and zirconia ceramic [p value = 0.001]. Under the limitations of this study, surface treatment with CO[2] laser increased the SBS between resin cement and the zirconia ceramic